![]() The brain is divided into four main parts: (1) the brain stem, consisting of the medulla, pons, and midbrain (2) the cerebellum (3) the diencephalon, with the thalamus and hypothalamus and (4) the cerebral hemispheres, comprised of the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, white matter, hippocampi, and amygdalae.Ĭranial nerves III-XII arise from the brainstem, and provide sensory innervation to the head and neck, with some extension of function into the region of the trapezius muscle through the spinal accessory nerve. The nervous system can be divided into the peripheral and central nervous systems (PNS and CNS respectively). NSCs play a fundamental role in development, and in the ability to respond to stimuli in the environment and injury. It is well-established that through the plasticity of existing cells our nervous systems can adapt to situations not previously encountered, but it also has been shown that neural stem cells (NSCs) are plastic and involved in creating new connections in adaptation and response to injury. The nervous system is made up of vast neural networks signaling within these circuits enables thinking, language, feeling, learning, memory, and all function and sensation. ![]() ![]() Sensory components that detect environmental stimuli, and motor components that provide skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle control, as well as control of glandular secretions, are coordinated in a system to compel appropriate motor responses to the stimuli or sensory inputs that have been received, stored, and processed. The nervous system is a complex network that enables an organism to interact with its surroundings. ![]()
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